2018년 12월 23일 일요일

[CK] isolated conjunctival injury without trauma = easy.

Management of isolated conjunctival injuries are as follows (see 'Management' above):
Spontaneous, nontraumatic causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage self-resolve over two to three weeks without ocular sequelae and require no treatment. In elderly patients, the clinician should perform a complete history to determine if any trauma occurred and measure the blood pressure. Coagulation studies should be performed to assess for a bleeding diathesis or overmedication in patients who are anticoagulated if subconjunctival hemorrhages are recurrent.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage resulting from trauma (or cases when trauma cannot be ruled out in patients who are poor historians), particularly in the setting of bullous elevation of the conjunctiva, warrants ophthalmology consultation to evaluate for underlying retinal trauma and definitively rule out open globe injury.
Patients with conjunctival abrasions are treated with antibiotic ointment (eg, erythromycin ophthalmic ointment) and for patients whose symptoms have not fully resolved within one to three days or contact wearers, referral to an ophthalmologist.
Patients with small (<1 cm) conjunctival lacerations not associated with an open globe should receive an antibiotic ointment (eg, erythromycin ophthalmic ointment) with ophthalmologic follow up arranged for one to three days. Lacerations larger than 1 cm should be promptly referred to an ophthalmologist.
Superficial conjunctival foreign bodies can be removed at the slit lamp with the aid of a cotton-tipped applicator after the instillation of topical anesthetic (eg, proparacaine). Alternatively, multiple or loose foreign bodies may be removed with normal saline irrigation.

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